In the 19th century the scramble for Africa by the colonising European powers can only be discussed on a continental wide basis. It would be

By the late 19th century, the presence of Europeans in Africa had become familiar – as merchants, missionaries, explorers, colonizers, planters, or conquerors. Yet they were

Simon Imbert-Vier RÉSUMÉ This article provides a general overview of the military events around Djibouti during the First World War. It then details Ethio-French relations at the beginning